The story opens with a description of Martian society that deliberately inverts human assumptions about civilization. The Martians have no word for 'mine' as separate from 'yours,' and their entire culture is built around symbiotic interdependence, where work on the seepage canals is a part of 'total joy.' The narrative then shifts to Captain Griswold, who is acutely aware of his place in history as he prepares to claim Mars for Earth. The contrast between the Martians' serene, unquestioning purpose and Griswold's self-conscious performance of heroism sets up the central tension of the story.

Two Civilizations, Two Vocabularies

The Martians possess 'many words for contentment, kinship of each to all' and for the ecstasy of watching stars or breathing deeply, but they lack any concept of private ownership. This linguistic absence is not presented as a deficiency but as a sign of their achieved civilization. In contrast, the human characters are defined by possessive language and hierarchical thinking. Captain Griswold imagines schoolchildren reciting his name and the date of his conquest, and his uniform gives him a 'virile pull' across his chest. The story uses these parallel descriptions to suggest that what each culture values—and what they lack—shapes their entire worldview.

The Tragedy of Misreading Motives

The Martians' approach to the human ship is driven by a desperate need to clear the obstruction so that water can flow again—'the desperation of drying sands.' But Griswold interprets their advance as a threat, and his training as a military commander leaves him unable to see their true motive. The ethnologist Berkeley, who might have understood, is present but powerless. The story emphasizes that the Martians' pain is physical and communal, while Griswold's anxiety is about his legacy and 'posterity's rage or contempt.' The massacre that follows is not a clash of weapons but a failure of translation.

The Return of the Repressed

After the massacre, a celebration in Earth's Great Stadium is interrupted by the appearance of a shimmering, impossible ship. The crowd's terror and the President's faltering voice suggest that the consequences of the violence are returning. Berkeley, studying the ship, recognizes its 'tremendous import' and deduces an entire civilization from the data. The story ends with the Martians' civilization reasserting itself in a form that humans cannot fully perceive, hinting that the cycle of misunderstanding may repeat on a larger scale.

Readers should pay close attention to the story's use of parallel structure: the Martians' internal perspective is given first, then the humans' interpretation of the same events. The narrative does not endorse either side's view as complete truth, but instead shows how each culture's assumptions lead to catastrophe. The title 'We're Civilized!' is ironic, but the story leaves open the question of whose definition of civilization will ultimately prevail.